Fair use can be from copying any copyrighted material. Fair use implies to people that copy or transform any materials that isn't theirs. In other words, is a defense against a claim of copyright infringement. One example of fair use can be quoting a few lines from a "50 cent" song in a music review.
Shepard Fairey was pleaded guilty for copyright infringement over his famous image of Barack Obama. Soon the Federal court finds that Shepard had destroyed the documents that would prove that he had not used the photo of Obama. Fairey was ordered to pay $25,000 in fines in a dispute that dates back to 2009. This goes to show that even professionals could get caught for copyright infringement.
There are ways in which copyright may be completely avoided altogether without having to interpret the fair use doctrine, and that is through what is known as public domain and creative commons. Copyright Protection applies automatically to many types of creative works. Public Domain, according to UC is often a work of the United States government or the copyright has been expired, etc. Another free legal tool, according to Creative Commons, can be a nonprofit organization that enables the sharing and use of creativity and knowledge and this could be known as a creative common.
Halloween before image, used with permission, Creative common

Playing with Photoshop.... exploring what Liquify, Dodge and Burn, and Clone Stamp Tool can do
